Each lead-acid battery is provided with a data sheet for standard charging and discharging currents. Typically, the capacity range of 12V lead-acid batteries suitable for automotive applications is 100Ah to 350Ah. This rating is defined as the discharge rating with an 8-hour timing cycle.
For example, a 160Ah battery can provide a power current of 20A to the load for 8 hours. We can draw more current, but it is not recommended to do so. Consuming current exceeding the maximum discharge current within 8 hours can damage the efficiency of the battery and alter its internal resistance, thereby further increasing the battery temperature.
On the other hand, during the charging phase, we need to pay attention to the polarity of the charger and connect it correctly with the polarity of the battery. Reverse polarity is dangerous for charging lead-acid batteries. The ready-made charger comes with a charging voltage and current meter, as well as a control option. We should provide a voltage greater than the battery voltage to charge the battery. The maximum charging current should be the same as the maximum supply current at an 8-hour discharge rate. If we take 12V 160Ah as an example, the maximum power supply current is 20A, and the maximum safe charging current is 20A.
We should not increase or provide large charging currents, as this will result in increased heat and gas generation.
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