Inverters can be categorized into the following 3 types:
1. On-grid inverters
On-grid inverter is a special type of inverter that can convert DC to AC, besides, its output AC can be synchronized with the frequency and phase of the utility power, so the output AC can be returned to the utility power, i.e., the on-grid inverter has the ability to synchronize its interface with the utility line. This inverter is designed to transmit unused power to the grid without the need for batteries and can be equipped with MTTP technology in its input circuit.
2. Off-grid inverters
Off-grid inverters, usually mounted on solar panels, small wind turbines, or other DC power sources, convert DC power into AC power that can be used to power a home and can use energy from the grid and batteries to power electrical loads. It is called “off-grid” because it is independent of the utility and does not require any external power source.
Off-grid inverters were initially designed to be battery-powered systems for regional microgrids. With current inputs, DC inputs, fast charging inputs, high-capacity DC outputs, and fast AC outputs, an off-grid inverter can store energy and convert it to other uses. It uses control logic to adjust the input and output conditions to ensure that the best efficiency is provided from sources such as solar panels or small wind turbines and optimizes the quality of the energy by using a pure sine wave output.
Off-Grid Inverter For off-grid solar systems, batteries are mandatory, through which energy is stored for use at sunset or in the absence of electricity. Off-grid inverters also help reduce dependence on the conventional grid, which often leads to power outages, blackouts, and energy instability that utilities cannot eliminate.
In addition, an off-grid inverter with a solar charge controller means that the solar inverter has an internal PWM or MPPT solar controller that allows the user to connect the PV inputs in the solar inverter and check the PV status on the solar inverter display, making it easy to connect and check the system. Off-grid inverters are performing self-testing in backup generators and batteries to ensure complete and stable power quality. They are mainly used to provide power to some residential and commercial projects, whereas low-wattage ones are used to power appliances in homes.
3. Hybrid Inverter
For hybrid inverters, there are usually two different meanings, one is an off-grid inverter with a built-in solar charge controller, and the other is an integrated on-grid and off-grid inverter, which can be used for both grid-connected and off-grid PV systems, whose batteries can be flexibly configured.
The main functions of the inverter:
1、Automatic operation and shutdown function
Throughout the day, as the sun angle gradually rises, the intensity of solar radiation will also increase, and the PV system can absorb more solar energy, once the output power required for the inverter to work is reached, the inverter can automatically start running. When the output power of the PV system becomes smaller and the output of the grid-connected/storage inverter is 0 or close to 0, it will stop running and become a standby.
2、Anti-islanding effect function
Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation process, photovoltaic power generation system, and power system grid operation, when the public power grid is due to abnormal and blackout conditions, photovoltaic power generation system if you can not stop working in a timely manner or disconnected from the power system, still in the power supply state, known as the islanding effect. The islanding effect is dangerous for both the PV system and the power grid.
Grid-connected / energy storage inverter internal anti-islanding protection circuit can be real-time intelligent detection of the grid to be integrated into the voltage, frequency, and other information, once found in the public grid due to abnormalities, the inverter can be based on different measured values in the corresponding time to disconnect the current, stop the output, and report faults.
3、Maximum power point tracking control function
Maximum power point tracking control function, i.e. MPPT function, which is the core key technology of grid-connected/storage inverters, refers to the inverter’s ability to track and find the maximum output power of components in real-time.
The output power of a PV system is subject to change due to a variety of factors, and it is not always possible to maintain the nominal optimal output power.
The MPPT function of the grid-connected/storage inverter can track the maximum power output of the components in real-time, and through intelligent adjustment of the system working point voltage (or current), make it closer to the peak power point, maximize the power generated by the PV system, and then ensure that the system can work continuously and efficiently.
4、Intelligent string monitoring function
On the basis of the original MPPT monitoring, the grid-connected/energy storage inverter has realized the intelligent string detection function. Compared with the MPPT monitoring, the string detection monitors the voltage and current accurately to each branch string, so that the user can clearly view the real-time operation data of each line.
At present, the primary energy storage devices demanded by users are the BMS battery management system, PV grid-connected inverter, and energy storage inverter. For the above home energy storage equipment needs, and combined with the PV system of each unit circuit safety isolation characteristics, Firsola launched a complete set of home PV energy storage systems, of which the inverter is mainly for the grid-connected inverters and hybrid inverters of these two categories.
Hybrid inverter HES Series
HES series hybrid inverter, there are two specifications 6KW and 8KW two kinds of power output, can meet the general use of electrical appliances for a family of 4, has built-in MPPT solar controller, the battery charging faster, as high as IP65 level of protection, can be installed in the outdoor use, will not bring any safety hazards, the internal circuit board configuration of the overload protection, over-discharge protection, support for Bluetooth wifi monitoring, download the APP link to the device can be read photovoltaic solar panels information, home electricity information, battery real-time information.
Split-phase inverter ASF series
ASF series is Firsola’s first developed split-phase inverter, it is suitable for North America and Central and South America, the split-phase inverter line with two fire wires and one zero wire, and the current phase 180 ° can output 120V240V voltage at the same time.
ASF is suitable for 48V battery systems, the output power is 6000W 8000W 10000W, suitable for 3-5 people family use, with dual MPPT controller, the maximum MPPT power is 11000W.
The communication interface retains the dry link, equipped with RS485 CAN USB optional WiFi module and GPRS.
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