The reasons for the decrease in winter endurance of lead-acid batteries
1. Temperature effect: The chemical reaction rate of lead-acid batteries is affected by temperature. As the temperature decreases, the viscosity of the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries increases, the diffusion rate of ions slows down, leading to an increase in the internal resistance of the battery. This reduces the available capacity and discharge performance of the battery, leading to a decrease in range.
2. Grid corrosion: In low-temperature environments, the grid of lead-acid batteries is prone to corrosion. This corrosion can cause deformation of the electrode plates, increase the gaps between the plates, and make it easier for the electrolyte to drain. This not only reduces the lifespan of the battery, but also lowers its discharge performance and endurance.
3. Reduced charging acceptance: As the temperature decreases, the charging acceptance of lead-acid batteries also decreases. This means that within the same charging time, the battery cannot be fully charged to the expected level, resulting in a decrease in battery life.
4. Electrolyte icing: At extremely low temperatures, the electrolyte of lead-acid batteries may freeze. This will lead to changes in the internal structure of the battery, affecting its normal operation and further reducing its endurance.
Methods to improve the endurance of winter lead-acid batteries
1. Preheating charging: Before charging, preheat the lead-acid battery. You can use tools such as hot water bags and hot air guns to heat the battery to a relatively high temperature. This can improve the charging capacity of the battery, allowing it to be fully charged in winter.
2. Replacing cold resistant batteries: Choose lead-acid batteries with better cold resistance, whose electrolytes can still maintain good fluidity at low temperatures, thereby reducing the possibility of electrolyte freezing. In addition, the electrode grid of cold resistant batteries has been specially treated to resist low-temperature corrosion, improve the battery’s lifespan and discharge performance.
Reasonable use of charger: When using lead-acid batteries in winter, choose a charger suitable for winter use. This type of charger can automatically adjust charging parameters based on temperature to avoid overcharging or undercharging. Meanwhile, it is necessary to ensure that the charging environment temperature of the charger is above 0 ℃ to prevent the electrolyte from freezing. 4. Regular maintenance: Regularly inspect and maintain lead-acid batteries, including checking the concentration and liquid level of the electrolyte, cleaning the surface of the battery of dust and dirt, etc. This can ensure the normal operation of the battery, improve its discharge performance and endurance.
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