Lead-acid batteries may encounter the following common issues during use:
- Sulfation: Long-term discharge or insufficient charging causes lead sulfate crystals to form on the electrode plates, hindering electrochemical reactions, reducing battery capacity, and shortening lifespan.
- Water Loss: In high-temperature environments or during overcharging, water in the electrolyte evaporates, increasing the electrolyte concentration and resistance, thereby affecting battery performance.
- Plate Softening and Detachment: Excessive charging or discharging currents generate heat, causing electrode plates to soften or the active material to detach over time, severely impacting battery performance and lifespan.
- Internal Short Circuit: Damage to internal separators, detachment of active materials, or impurities in the electrolyte cause direct contact between the positive and negative plates, leading to internal short circuits, which can cause overheating, leakage, or even explosions.
- Over-discharge: Over-discharging the battery lowers the voltage excessively, causing sulfate deposits in the electrolyte, forming hard-to-recover lead sulfate crystals, severely impairing the battery’s recharge capability.
- Insufficient Charging: Long-term insufficient charging leads to sulfate deposits on the electrode plates, affecting the charging and discharging efficiency and reducing battery capacity.
- Plate Corrosion: Over time, the electrolyte corrodes the electrode plates, causing them to thin or break, thereby affecting battery performance and lifespan.
- Electrolyte Contamination: Impurities or contaminants in the electrolyte affect the electrochemical reactions in the battery, leading to performance degradation and failure.
Prevention Measures:
- Regularly inspect and maintain the battery.
- Ensure proper charging and discharging practices.
- Avoid using the battery in high or low temperature environments.
- Periodically top up the electrolyte.
By taking these measures, you can effectively extend the lifespan of your lead-acid battery and enhance its operational efficiency.
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